Total 120 brinjal growers, with minimum 3 years of experience in brinjal cultivation were selected randomly from twelve villages of selected four talukas. Major brinjal producing countries are china, turkey, japan, egypt, and indonesia, iraq, syria, spain, philippines and india. It is from india, as philological studies indicate, that brinjal moved to west asia and europe. Bt brinjal is currently under cultivation in bangladesh. Pdf agricultural practices, biology and quality of eggplant. Besides cultivation of fresh vegetables, there is a great potential for seed production of temperate vegetables including rare exotic vegetables like broccoli, lettuce, kale, brussels sprouts, chinese cabbage etc. Effective organic soil cultivation helps control weeds and produce healthy plants. Accordingly, the biology and farming practices of this warmclimate crop remain in the investigation phase in.
Field screening of brinjal varities on major pests and. He used to follow the traditional cultural practices of brinjal, as. Generally, well drained and fertile sandy loam soils are preferred for brinjal cultivation. The application of nitrogen increase plant height, fruit size and fruit yield. The fruit is less than 3cm in diameter but 30 cm in cultivated form. Pyralidae and it is considered to be a limiting factor in brinjal cultivation. Shoot and fruit borer cause a serious damage to the fruits leading to severe reduction in the yield. The cultivation and use of brinjal eggplantaubergine is of great antiquity. Abstract anand district was selected for the study. Vegetable production technologies and organic production. Horticulture all semester notes pdf file collections, introductory horticulturepdf, pdf, files commercial floriculture pdf, fruit diseases pdf, disease and management of horticultural crops pdf, introduction to fruits and fruit plants pdf, growth and development of horticultural crops pdf, orchard management pdf, organic farming pdf, ornamental horticulture pdf, plant propagation and nursery.
Different insect pests attack brinjal from time of planting till its harvesting. Protected cultivation makes the availability of brinjal during offseason and proved to be effective for borer free fruits. Eggplant usa, australia, new zealand, anglophone canada, aubergine uk, ireland, quebec or brinjal south asia, south africa is a plant species in the nightshade family solanaceae. Ppt brinjal presentation powerpoint presentation online. Pdf the eggplant is a warmclimate crop of high economic importance. Red sandy loam, lateritic soils and coastal sands with slightly acidic ph are best for cashew. Brinjal is very hardy crop and can be grown even in adverse conditions like in soil having high ph brinjal has great adoptability. Package of organic practices for brinjal, rice, sesame and taro. It has also been recommended as an excellent remedy for those suffering from liver complaints shukla and naik 1993. The yield loss was reported to be as high as 70 92 per cent krishnaiah and vijay, 1975. The damage to the fruits starts soon after transplanting and continues till harvest of the fruits. The remarkable success of bt cotton in india, which now occupies 80% of the 9. Site selection can be important if early eggplant production is required.
These new varieties are better performing and less susceptible to wilt disease. He used to follow the traditional cultural practices of brinjal, as result, the income from the crop was not satisfactory. Brinjal is known to have ayurvedic medicinal properties and is good for diabetic patients. The plowing is done by soil turning plough and subsequent 23. This study estimates the technical efficiency and it identifies the determinants of brinjal farmers in vavuniya district, sri lanka. The seed rate for bhendi is 1820kg ha1 with a spacing of 45x20cm. Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, leucinodes.
No synthetic substances or chemicals, hormones, gm crops are permitted. Pestspesticides integrated pest management gmml ipm in. Chillies it is an important cash crop in the zone and grown as a vegetable green chillie and spice crop covering an area of 15,000 ha. Brinjal suffers from several soilborne diseases including damping off, bacterial wilt, and verticillium wilt. The name brinjal is popular in indian subcontinents and is derived from arabic and sanskrit whereas. In pakistan it is cultivated in 9,000 ha and production is 87,000 tons per annum fao, 2014. It is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked. Constraints faced by the brinjal growers in adoption of recommended productions technology of brinjal. Brinjal farming, planting, care, harvesting a full guide. Constrains faced by the brinjal growers in adoption of recommended cultivation practices in akola district. Fruit and shoot borer, jassids, whitefly, aphids, thrips, mealybug, are most serious pests from quarantine point of view as these pests may find.
The flower is white to purple, with a five lobed corolla and yellow stamens. The eggplant is a warmclimate crop of high economic importance. In kerala and other west coast areas india where the rainfall begins early, the crop can be planted during aprilmay with receipt of premonsoon showers. Rice farming project report, paddy cultivation practices cauliflower cultivation income gobi. The characteristic symptoms of the disease are wilting of the foliage followed by collapse of the entire plant. For tomato adopt spacing of 50x50cm and for brinjal 60x60cm. Aeratingor exposing the soil to airis an integral part of the cultivation process. Among the major constraints in economic cultivation of brinjal, pest infestation causes heavy losses. Brinjal accounts for about 9% of the total vegetable production and is cultivated on 8. An experiment was conducted at the vegetable research farm, punjab agricultural university, ludhiana, india during the year 2001 with the aim to reduce the insecticide usage on brinjal crop against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, leucinodes orbonalis guenee. Pdf antiquity of the cultivation and use of brinjal in india. Brinjal is a good source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, antioxidant. Technical efficiency of brinjal farmers in sri lanka.
It is divided into sections, but the interrelated quality of. Publications of bangladesh bureau of statistics bbs. Cultivation and management practices of brinjal in nepal. Bacterial wilt disease causes severe problem in brinjal cultivation. Chronology of the development and approval of bt brinjal in india.
It is called brinjal in india and aubergine in europe. Depending on variety and season the average yield of brinjal varies from 2030 tha. Influence of biofertilizers on the growth, yield and. Improved brinjal cultivationkvk thiruvannamalai 201011 shri. Taxonomy genus solanum comprises approximately 2000 species, which. Offseason vegetable production is another area which has been commercially exploited on. Since the crop remain in the field for a number of months. Project report rabbit farming, rearing a complete project guide. It is a pure line selection from elavambadi village of vellore district. Careful harvesting and handling practices should be followed to avoid bruising and compression of brinjal fruits. General description brinjal or eggplant solanum melongena l. Pestspesticides integrated pest management gmml ipm. Horticulture all semester notes pdf file collections.
Jul, 2018 constrains faced by the brinjal growers in adoption of recommended cultivation practices in akola district. For this purpose, six cultivars brinjal were transplanted under net house and field. Feb 14, 2015 brinjal is hardy plant and can be grown o wide range of soils. It is a warm season crop and susceptible to severe frost. Cultivation can be essential in a nontoxic, integrated pestmanagement solution. The eggplant is a delicate, tropical perennial plant often cultivated as a tender or halfhardy annual in temperate climates. Excessive alkaline and saline soils also do not support its growth. However, the productivity of brinjal is quite low 1617 mt in india. The name brinjal is popular in indian subcontinents and is derived from arabic and sanskrit whereas the name eggplant has been derived from the shape of the fruit of some varieties, which are white and resemble in shape to chicken eggs. Repeated use of broad spectrum synthetic chemicals also. Eggplant production guide agricultural training institute. It is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked pickled or processed. Primary focus on management practices that promote and enhance ecological harmony. Particulars quantityunit rate rsunit amount rs 1 preparatory tillage ploughing 4hrs rs.
It requires a long growing season with the high average day. The wilting is characterized by gradual, sometimes sudden, yellowing, withering and drying of the entire plant or some of its branches. The water use efficiency has been increased by 66% using trickle irrigation. Brinjal is a good source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, antioxidant, dietary fiber and proteins 8. It is a warm season crop and is very susceptible to frost. Loam and sandy soil of normal and higher status are best suited for brinjal cultivation. Its worldwide cultivation is more than 1,600,000 ha and production is 50 million mt fao, 2012. Some common cultivars have fruit that is eggshaped, glossy, and purple with white flesh and a spongy, meaty texture. Late round varieties are more tolerant of frost than the early long varieties. Fruits are oval in shape, glossy pink in colour with green tinge in the distal end. Taxonomy genus solanum comprises approximately 2000 species, which include both tuber bearing and nontuber bearing forms. Cool nights and short summers are unfavorable to its satisfactory yields. He engaged in brinjal cultivation for more than five years.
It is divided into sections, but the interrelated quality of organic cropping. Improved brinjal cultivation kvk thiruvannamalai 201011 shri. This practice exposes farmers, consumers, and the environment to high levels of hazardous pesticides. Resistant to leaf spot,verticillium wilt and epilachna beetle. Paul abstract brinjal, also known as eggplant and aubergine, is bangladeshs third most important vegetable in terms of both yield and area cultivated. Cultivation practices soil preparation welldrained, sandy loam soils are ideal for eggplant production. It can also be raised as a mixed crop with chillies, colocasia, onion, brinjal and cereals like maize, ragi, etc. In raising nurseries 500g ha1 tomato, 650g ha1 brinjal seed is required. Climate and soil requirement for brinjal cultivation. Horticulture all semester notes pdf file collections help.
Significance and scope of vegetable cultivation 1 1. Plant products and microbial formulation in the management. Brinjal pests shoot and fruit borer leucinodes orbonali s. Brinjal grows in almost all parts of the country but eight. Growing 1,00,000kg brinjal in bastar, this farmer earns big. It is from india, as philological studies indicate, that brinjal.
Brinjal are grown in pakistan, india, bangladesh, china, japan, syria and western europe 7. Sekar belongs to seeyamangalam village in vandavasi taluk of thiruvannamalai district. Little leaf of brinjal mlo disease remove and destroy the infected plants. Wheat cultivation income, profit, yield, proejct report catla fish farming project report, rearing economics lemon cultivation income nimbucitrus.
The flowers are white to purple in color, with a fivelobed corolla and yellow stamens. Brinjal cultivation in india is estimated to cover about 8. The larva attacks shoot in the early stages of the crop and later on fruit. Brinjal has been cultivated in india for the last 4,000 years, although it is often thought of as a mediterranean or mideastern vegetable. It is a cluster bearing type and yields about 4045 tonnesha in a crop duration of 140150 days. High soil, moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease. The multistage sampling method was employed with cross sectional data in selection of 50 brinjal farmers from five villages during the year of 20172018. The harvested fruits should be pre cooled immediately to reduce water loss. Yield response of brinjal to nitrogen fertilization varied with plant spacing 3. Cultivation of brinjal is maximum in orissa, west bengal, bihar and is also distributed in almost all states. It is a cluster bearing type and yields about 4045 tonnesha in a.
The use of herbicides and mulching practices suppressed the fast growth of weeds in brinjal. In india, brinjal occupies fourth position in area and sixth in production among the vegetable crops. Bt brinjal also yields significantly more marketable fruit than conventional hybrids and openpollinated varieties. Pdf the cultivation and use of brinjal eggplantaubergine is of great antiquity. Brinjal fruits may vary in shapes and varieties, some varieties are white in color and resemble to chicken eggs. Damping off fungi pythium, phytophtora and rhizoctonia attack germinating seeds, creating lesions on the stems and later the collapse of seedlings. Growing 1,00,000kg brinjal in bastar, this farmer earns. Constraints faced by the brinjal growers in adoption of. Some important insect pests are brinjal shoot and fruit borer bsfb. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Introducing genetically modified brinjal eggplant aubergine in bangladesh mst. Brinjal among the solanaceous vegetables,brinjaleggplant is second most important popular vegetable after tomato and grown almost in all parts of the nepal except at very higher altitude round the year.
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